EXAMEN EXTRAORDINARIOexamen extraordinario 1

toelf

clase para asp 1 uso de some and any

uso de; 

some y any
uso de some and any

MODALS VERBS

What are modal verbs?

Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special verbs which behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs like "work, play, visit..." They give additional information about the function of the main verb that follows it. They have a great variety of communicative functions.
Here are some characteristics of modal verbs:

• They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", "ing"...
• They are always followed by an infinitive without "to" (e.i. the bare infinitive.)
• They are used to indicate modality allow speakers to express certainty, possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity, ability

List of modal verbs

Here is a list of modal verbs:

can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must

Use of modal verbs:

Modal verbs are used to express functions such as:

1. Permission
2. Ability
3. Obligation
4. Prohibition
5. Lack of necessity
6. Advice
7. possibility
8. probability

Examples of modal verbs

Here is a list of modals with examples:

Modal Verb	Expressing	Example
must	Strong obligation	You must stop when the traffic lights turn red.
	logical conclusion / Certainty	He must be very tired. He's been working all day long.
must not	prohibition	You must not smoke in the hospital.
can	ability	I can swim.
	permission	Can I use your phone please?
	possibility	Smoking can cause cancer.
could	ability in the past	When I was younger I could run fast.
	polite permission	Excuse me, could I just say something?
	possibility	It could rain tomorrow!
may	permission	May I use your phone please?
	possibility, probability	It may rain tomorrow!
might	polite permission	Might I suggest an idea?
	possibility, probability	I might go on holiday to Australia next year.
need not	lack of necessity/absence of obligation	I need not buy tomatoes. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge.
should/ought to	50 % obligation	I should / ought to see a doctor. I have a terrible headache.
	advice	You should / ought to revise your lessons
	logical conclusion	He should / ought to be very tired. He's been working all day long.
had better	advice	You 'd better revise your lessons

INFORMACIÓN EN ESPANOL

PASADO PARTICIPIO

EJERCICIO 1

EJERCICIO 2

futuro

ejercicio
ejercico 2
gramatica para entender

MUCH, MANY, ANY, SOME CLASE SABADOS

1. Countable nouns

Most of the nouns are countable. You can combine them with numbers, e.g one, two or three. Here is an example:

• one pencil
• two pencils
• three pencils
• four ...

2. Uncountable nouns

These nouns cannot be combined with numbers.

• water
• butter
• coal
• money
• salt
• iron

If you want to express a quantity, you have to use a special phrase e.g. a glass of water.

Note:

Some nouns can be either countable or uncountable. We recommend to use a good dictionary to find out whether a noun is countable or uncountable or both.

Here is an example:

hair – hairs

• You've got some hairs on your T-shirt. (There might be 5 or 6 of them.)
• Your hair looks lovely. (Here you think of the hairstyle.)

1. Whendo we use much and when many?

• much: uncountable nouns (milk, marmalade, money, time etc.)
• many: countable nouns (bottles of milk, jars of marmalade, dollars, minutes etc.)

Examples:

• How much money have you got?
• How many dollars have you got?

In informal English these questions are often answered with a lot of, lots of. There is no much difference between the two phrases.

2. When do we use a little and when a few?

• a little: non countable nouns (milk, marmalade, money, time etc.)
• a few: countable nouns (bottles of milk, jars of marmalade, dollars, minutes etc.)

Examples:

• He has a little money left.
• He has a few dollars left.

EJERCICIOS.

When do we use some and when any?

We use some and any for an amount which is not known e.g. Have you got any crisps?

Use of some and any

• some: affirmative statements, offers, requests and in questions when you expect the answer ›yes‹
• any: negative statements, questions

Have you got any bananas? No, we haven't got any. But we've got some oranges.

Exceptions:

I would like to buy fruit at a market. I see the man has wonderful apples so I can ask him:

• Can I have some of these apples?

If I do not see apples or if I am not sure whether there are apples at all I use any in this question.

• Have you got any apples?

When do we use a lot of and when lots of?

These phrases are mainly used in informal English – lots of sounds a bit more informal than a lot of. Both forms are used in singular and in plural sentences.

It is not the phrase a lot of or lots of which determines singular or plural, but the subject of the sentence (herewater and computers).

1. Informal English

Singular

• A lot of water is wasted.
• Lots of water is wasted.

Plural

• A lot of computers are needed at schools.
• Lots of computers are needed at schools.

2. Formal English

In formal English we use plenty of or much and many instead of a lot of/lots of.

Singular

• Plenty of water is wasted.
• Much water is wasted.

Plural

• Plenty of computers are needed at schools.
• Many computers are needed at schools.

Some / Any / Much / Many EJERCICIOS

family values

family values


¹     Family values can be defined as values which are held to promote the sound functioning of the family and to strengthen the fabric of society. This seems like an easy issue, until one considers the following: what exactly constitutes "family"? Is family a self-contained unit? Does it include gays and lesbians, whether or not they become parents? Does it include single-parent homes? How does what we consider as family affect our public life and our relationships in the community? People who have opinions on this topic have definite, strong opinions. Even the dictionary definition leaves room for argument. Merriam-Webster defines "family" as "a group of individuals living under one roof and usually under one head: household." We are still left with an unclear picture of what exactly (who exactly) qualifies as "family."
 ²     Back to our definition of family values—the second half states that these values are held to strengthen the fabric of society. This implies morals, which leads to another question: Is morality something that the government has any control over? Well, we need to take a look at what is morality. Renowned author C.S. Lewis gives a three part definition. He says morality relates to our personal behavior in these three ways: (1) to ensure fair play and harmony between individuals; (2) to help make us good people in order to have a good society; and (3) to keep us in a good relationship with the power that created us.
 ³     Often people will agree with Lewis on the first point. Our society, as a whole, seems to promote fair play and harmony. We have sporting events which emphasize being good sports. No one likes a sore loser. Our election process is also an example where one opponent will win over another and afterwards life goes on. Battles don't break out because someone loses an election.

GLOBAL WARMING ; CLASS TO THE TEACHERS

WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT THE VIDEO?

CAN YOU FEEL THE CHANGES , HOW?

IN YOUR CITY HOW CAN YOU SEE THE CHANGES?

HOW YOU CAN HELP TO AVOID THE WARMING GLOBAL?

 FOR HOW LONG DO YOU THINK WE CAN HOLD UP THE CLIMATE CHANGES?


read and comprehension

warning global presentation

halloween

read and comprehension

CLASS TO THE TEACHERS .TECHNOLOGY

.CLIK HER TO SOLVE THE EXERCISE.

How Has Technology Affected Your Life?

Technology is an essential need in everybody's life. Without technology, many things would not be able to materialize. As for me, technology has made my life more enjoyable and easy.

One of the useful products of technology would be the television. Usually, my family would sit together in the living room to watch television programmes together after dinner. During this time, we would occasionally talk about the shows that are being broadcasted. This allows my family to interact with each other more often.

In the twenty-first century, one of the most important technologies would be the Internet. The Internet is a system, which allows people to communicate globally. I personally use the Internet on a daily basis and find it useful in many ways. Few examples would be, Internet mailing (email), instant messaging, online shopping and online gaming. With the Internet, I am able to keep close contact with my aunt who has migrated to France. I often receive mails from her about how she is doing over in France. Online gaming is also another big part of my life. When I play games over the Internet, I am able to make friends with people from other countries.

Another part of technology in my life would be the mobile technology. In the olden days, people who wanted to communicate with their relatives in far away places would have only two choices. One was to personally take the trouble to travel to their relatives' place and another would be via sending letters. Both ways needed huge amount of time. With mobile technology, people's lives are made easier as they can contact each other anywhere and anytime they want to. I personally have a mobile phone too and it has become more than a necessity in my life.

With the mobile phone, I am able to contact my parents anytime I want, to ensure safety, chat with my friends for long hours and make phone calls as and when I like. As the mobile industry is developing rapidly, mobile phones have now become not just a means of... [continues]

How Does Technology Affect Family Life.

Technology has affected every part of family life. We are spending more time in doors than we are outside. The time spent on the computer, watching TV etc.. is about 8 hours a day. This time is usually spent alone and not with the rest of the family.

With all the technology we have nowadays we don't need to get out of the house anymore, you can do everything from the comfort of your home. Almost everything revolves around technology now. What do most people do when they come back from school? They usually go watch TV, go on the computer or something else like that. People take all of this for granted, what would they do if there was a power cut and they couldn't watch TV or go on the computer? Most people would just laze about doing nothing until the power came back on. Not many would pick up a book or do any of the things they would have done when none of these things were round.

Technology has cut into the time you spend with your family not the other way round. We spend less and

how technology affects my life

Try imagining your life without technology. Without alarm clocks, refrigerators, computers, telephones and so on. It would be very different from what we are accustomed to today. The truth is, all of us rely on technology a great deal to get through the day. Whether it's at work, at home, or at school, I know my family depends greatly on technology. Without technology our lives would all be much different. My sisters and I use technology at school a lot. We are always on the computers doing research and typing papers. As a student, I am in…

QUESTIONS

1. 1 HOW THE TECHNOLOGY WORKS IN YOUR LIFE?
2. DO YOU THINK IT’S POSSIBLE LIVE WITHOUT TECHNOLOGY AND YOU CAN DO IT?
3. WHEN DO YOU START TO USE THE TECHNOLOGY?
4. DO YOU KNOW SOMEONE THAT THEY DON’T USE TECHNOLOGY?
5. IF YOU WERE A TECHNOLOGY LEADER WHAT YOU WILL CREATE TO THE FUTURE?

2

shopping class ASP 4to A-B

SALESPERSON - May I help you?

CUSTOMER - Yes.  Do you have this dress in blue?

SALESPERSON - Yes.  Here you go.

CUSTOMER - Can I try it on?

SALESPERSON - Of course.  The fitting rooms are over there.

CUSTOMER - Thank you.

(The customer goes in the fitting room.)

SALESPERSON - How does it fit?

CUSTOMER - It's too small.  Do you have a large?

SALESPERSON - Hmmm.  Let me see.  Yes, here's a large.

(The customer goes in the fitting room again.)

SALESPERSON - How is it?

CUSTOMER - It's perfect.  I'll take it.

SALESPERSON - OK.  The total is $25.00

CUSTOMER - Do you take credit cards?

SALESPERSON - Yes, of course.  Here's your shirt and your credit card.  Thank you very much.

CUSTOMER - Thank you. Bye.

Aquí tienes algunas frases en inglés para ayudarte cuando vas de compras, así como algunas cosas que quizás veas:

Horario de apertura

what times are you open?

¿en qué horario están abiertos?

we're open from 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday	abrimos de 9 de la mañana a 5 de la tarde, de lunes a viernes.
we're open from 10am to 8pm, seven days a week	abrimos de 10 de la mañana a 8 de la noche, los siete días de la semana.

are you open on …?	¿abrís los …?
Saturday	sábados
Sunday	domingos

what time do you close?	¿a qué hora cierran?
what time do you close today?	¿a qué hora cierran hoy?
what time do you open tomorrow?	¿a qué hora abren mañana?

Escogiendo artículos

can I help you?	¿puedo ayudarle en algo?
I'm just browsing, thanks	estoy solo mirando, gracias

how much is this?	¿cuánto por esto?
how much are these?	¿cuánto cuestan estas cosas?
how much does this cost?	¿cuánto cuesta esto?

how much is that … in the window?	¿cuánto cuesta ese/a … en el escaparate?
lamp	lámpara

that's cheap	es barato/a
that's good value	tiene un buen precio
that's expensive	es caro/a

do you sell …?	¿vendéis …?
stamps	sellos
do you have any …?	¿tiene …?
postcards	postales

sorry, we don't sell them	no, lo siento, no vendemos
sorry, we don't have any left	no, lo siento, no nos queda ninguno/a

I'm looking for …	estoy buscando …
the shampoo	champú
a birthday card	una tarjeta de felicitación
could you tell me where the … is?	¿podría decirme dónde está …?
washing up liquid	el líquido lavavajillas
where can I find the …?	¿dónde puedo encontrar …?
toothpaste	pasta de dientes

have you got anything cheaper?	¿tiene algo un poco más barato?
it's not what I'm looking for	no, eso no es lo que estoy buscando

do you have this item in stock?

¿os queda todavía de este producto?

do you know anywhere else I could try?

¿sabe usted de algún otro sitio donde podría intentar encontrarlo?

does it come with a guarantee?	¿viene con garantía?
it comes with a one year guarantee	viene con un año de garantía

do you deliver?

¿servís a domicilio?

I'll take it	me lo llevo
I'll take this	me llevo esto

anything else?		¿alguna cosa más?
would you like anything else?		¿desea alguna cosa más?

Haciendo un pago

are you in the queue?

¿está usted en la cola?

next, please!

¡el siguiente, por favor!

do you take credit cards?

¿aceptan tarjetas de crédito?

I'll pay in cash	pagaré en efectivo
I'll pay by card	pagaré con tarjeta

could I have a receipt, please?

¿puede darme un recibo, por favor?

would you be able to gift wrap it for me?

¿Puede empaquetarmelo para regalo?

would you like a bag?

¿quiere una bolsa?

Devoluciones y quejas

I'd like to return this	me gustaría devolver esto
I'd like to change this for a different size	me gustaría cambiar este por una talla diferente

it doesn't work	no funciona
it doesn't fit	no ajusta bien

could I have a refund?

¿puedo tener mi dinero de vuelta?

have you got the receipt?

¿tiene usted el recibo de compra?

could I speak to the manager?

¿podría hablar con el encargado?

Cosas que podrías

Open	Abierto
Closed	Cerrado
Open 24 hours a day	Abierto 24 horas

Special offer	Oferta especial
Sale	Descuento
Clearance sale	Liquidación
Closing down sale	Liquidación y cierre

Good value	Buen precio
Buy 1 get 1 free	Compre uno y llévese otro gratis
Buy 1 get 1 half price	Compre uno y consiga otro a mitad de precio
Reduced to clear	Descuento por liquidación
Half price	A mitad de precio

Out to lunch	Salí a comer
Back in 15 minutes	Vuelvo en 15 minutos

Shoplifters will be prosecuted

Los ladrones serán procesados Usando una tarjeta de crédito

Enter your PIN	Introduzca su código PIN
Please wait	Por favor, espere
Remove card	Retire su tarjeta
Signature	Firma